双集中供地模式迎变******
试点两年,双集中的供地方式迎来优化。2月2日,一份落款为自然资源部办公厅发布的《关于进一步规范住宅用地供应信息公开工作的通知》(以下简称《通知》),要求各市、县自然资源部门根据年度供地计划,分批次公开未来一定时间段内拟出让地块的详细清单。每次公开详细清单对应的拟出让时间段原则上不少于3个月,同时,详细清单内的地块,在公开的拟出让时间段内可以一次或多次发布出让公告,这意味着试点两年的双集中供地模式迎来转变。
业内分析指出,转变不代表要取消集中供地,更为灵活的供地方式和节奏,将更符合“销售市场活跃-投资拿地活跃”的逻辑。
根据形势“调整和优化”
《通知》的核心要点是“推进供应信息公开”。《通知》明确,建立拟出让地块清单公布制度,每次公开详细清单对应的拟出让时间段原则上不少于3个月,给市场主体充足的时间预期限制。同时,详细清单内的地块,在公开的拟出让时间段内可以一次或多次发布出让公告,这意味着试点两年的双集中供地模式迎来转变。
上海易居房地产研究院研究总监严跃进表示,建立拟出让地块清单公布制度实际上是对过去集中供地模式的修正。2022年集中供地工作推进中,过于密集的供地,导致房企拿地的准备工作遇到了很多困难,最终导致对于地块的情况掌握不到位,也影响了投资拿地的策略。政策明确了3个月的缓冲期,实际上是希望地块信息为房企和市场所消化,本质上也是希望土地供应工作和市场需求做紧密的对接。
在严跃进看来,政策内容不代表要取消集中供地,而是要对集中供地进一步优化,充分体现了供地思路兼顾短期矛盾和中长期制度安排需要。虽然今年1月份各地投资拿地依然比较疲软,但随着“销售市场活跃-投资拿地活跃”的逻辑线更加清晰,后续各类企业依然会有积极拿地的动作。
“并非‘取消’,而是根据形势‘调整和优化’。”广东省规划院住房政策研究中心首席研究员李宇嘉分析称,集中供地是长效机制,不能因市场低迷就退出。集中供地的本源,一方面是疏通供需双方的信息,引导各方预期,避免抢地导致地价推动房价,导致资金大规模涌入楼市;另一方面是通过对土地合理定价,纠偏地方无序的土地财政行为,并通过强化信心披露和供地规则,倒逼熟地出让,降低开发商拿地无序的成本。
部分城市此前已放宽
2021年2月,自然资源部要求22个试点城市实施住宅用地“两集中”,即集中发布出让公告、集中组织出让活动,且2021年发布住宅用地公告不能超过3次。但事实上,此前已有部分城市打破了集中供地次数的限制,改为一年四次或多次的集中供地,更有城市暂停了集中供地模式。
据了解,北京、杭州、南京、苏州、无锡等城市于2022年纷纷推出五批次集中供地,武汉在2022年更是上架了六批次集中供地。
2022年10月,江西住建厅发文,将持续完善房地产政策,积极争取国家有关部委支持,力争将南昌从“集中供地”城市名单中调出。此外,22个试点城市中的长沙也于去年官宣土地推介方式将进行调整,今后不再按年度批次推介土地,更改为年度常态化持续更新推介。2023年开年,天津首次单独挂出1宗涉宅用地。
中指研究院土地市场研究负责人张凯在“中指市场形势及企业研究成果分享会”上介绍,回顾2022年22城集中供地来看,计划完成率不足六成。对于2023年土地市场走势,业内人士预计并不乐观。其中,市场热度仍将持续分化,安全应成为今年房企选择城市的重要标准。在土地规则上,各地采取多次分散供地,优化供地条件,降低参拍门槛。
李宇嘉指出,集中供地模式是在疫情后开始推的,主要是应对当时高地价及新一轮楼市上涨。同时,从那时开始,也开启了一揽子长效机制建设。当对房企定向去杠杆、要求自有资金拿地,全面打掉“前融”时,通过集中供地(一天内完成十几宗地块出让)控制源头上抢地、诞生高地价的必要性,已下降了很多。但后续商品房市场下行,回款走低,开发商资金链紧张,此时继续沿用集中供地,在很多城市甚至导致大面积流拍,恶化市场预期的同时,此前出让的高价地也无法开发了,甚至计提坏账准备。
此次《通知》也明确,各地要将住宅用地近三年平均完成交易量以及对应的住宅建筑面积,作为测算下一年度供地计划总量的参考。要“因城施策”安排计划总量,凡商品住房去化周期长、土地流拍率高、市场需求明显不足的城市,应当控制商品住房用地供应规模,其中已供应未竣工住宅用地面积超过近三年平均完成交易量5倍的城市,应当从严压缩计划规模直至暂停供地。
北京商报记者 王寅浩
中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
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